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2 million cubic meters or 10% of New york city's water supply every day. Image credit: NEW YORK CITY DEP Operated and maintained by the New York City Department of Environmental Management (DEP), the NYC watershed includes 19 reservoirs and 3 controlled lakes in a 2,000-square-mile location in the Catskill Mountains and Hudson River Valley, north and northwest of New York City.

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The Catskill and Delaware watersheds, west of the Hudson River, provide 90% of New York City's water. The Croton water system, which began operation in 1842, lies east of the Hudson. It supplies 10% of New York City's drinking water generally to the Bronx and parts of Manhattan, but is capable of supplying up to 30% in times of dry spell.

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While NYC's water is unfiltered, it does get treated with chlorine to eliminate bacteria, fluoride to prevent cavities, orthophosphate to prevent lead contamination from pipes, and salt hydroxide to reduce level of acidity. In order for drinking water to remain unfiltered and make a Filtration Avoidance Decision (TREND), the U.S. Environmental Security Firm (EPA) requires that a water system not be the source of a waterborne illness, not surpass set limits for coliform germs (indicators of fecal contamination and sewage) and turbidity (murkiness brought on by suspended solids), and curb levels for trihalomethane (a chemical utilized in solvents and refrigerants) and disinfectant residues.

To ensure that New York City water satisfies these requirements, the DEP carries out over 900 daily and 330,000 yearly tests on drinking water throughout the city, in addition to 230,000 tests in the watershed. Given that the early 1990s, New York City has actually been approved FADs, enabling water from the Catskill/Delaware system to remain unfiltered.

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5 billion UV disinfection facility, which will be the world's largest when it opens in 2012, is presently under construction in Mt.  Key Reference , NY. New york city has actually been effective in acquiring Trends mainly due to the landmark 1997 Watershed Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) worked out by NYC and New york city State agencies, the EPA, upstate communities and environmental groups.